(0510) Creating and Comparing 3D Facial Models for Local Flap Reconstruction Training

Introduction: Prior to performing a local flap reconstruction, the surgeon must determine the best technique that will limit landmark distortion, preserve function, and achieve a satisfactory aesthetic with the available tissue. Traditional suture boards lack the complexity of facial anatomy; therefore, a tool that replicates these factors would help train residents and fellows on these various techniques that replicate the intraoperative experience. With this project, we created a model using a 3D-printed facial base, with high-fidelity skin and subcutaneous tissue layers that can be customized to replicate common wounds for quality and realistic surgical practice.

Methods: We started by creating a facial topography scan and then converted it to a 3D model. We then utilized computer-aided design software to segment and modify the model to create the polyester base and mold for the construction of the skin and subcutaneous layers. From there we constructed the skin and subcutaneous layers via a novel multilayered approach. Once the model was created we had 10 participants (n = 10) compare our facial model with a simple suture pad on metrics including realism, ability to suture, ability to undermine and rotate the skin, and durability.

Results: Once the model was completed, we had participants (n = 10) compare the new model with a suture pad created by MedArchitect. The dermis layer was found to be as durable as the standard suture pad, with participants finding our model to securely hold sutures. The model also retained the ability to replicate, to a degree, the undermining and rotational techniques for local flap reconstruction. Lastly, participants did not note a functional preference of the standard suture pad over the model; however, they did note they would prefer the facial model for its designed purpose.

Conclusions: This project has developed a facial suture model that can replicate intraoperative conditions and account for a variety of wounds that replicate pathology. This foundational template can provide the opportunity for residents to practice their surgical plan on a model, and thus, improve education and patient outcomes.