(1206) Changing Epidemiology of Sinonasal Cancer in the United States

Introduction: Prior studies on sinonasal malignancies use limited data which is now dated. Our aim is to evaluate the current rates, subsite distribution and trends in sinonasal malignancies in the United States.

Methods: The US Cancer Statistics Public Use Research Database was used, which captures de-identified data from the National Cancer Institute’s SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries. Together, these databases include 97% of newly diagnosed cancers. We extracted data on malignancies from all sinonasal sub-sites from 2001-2019. SEER*Stat and Joinpoint Regression 5.0.2 were used to calculate annual incidence rates as well as average annual percentage change (APC).

Results: Across different sinonasal histologies, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was predominant (68.63%) followed by adenocarcinoma (16.23%). The primary sub-sites were nasal cavity (51.07%) followed by maxillary sinus (32.08%). Over 20 years, the incidence of nasal cavity cancer increased (APC 0.79, p < 0.05), while that of maxillary sinus cancer (APC -0.58, p < 0.05) decreased. The incidence of SCC (APC -0.58, p < 0.05) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (APC -1.01, p < 0.05) decreased, contrasting with increased sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (APC 2.67, p < 0.05). The incidence of sinonasal cancer in men decreased (APC -1.1%, p < 0.05), while it increased in women (APC 0.496, p < 0.05). By race and gender, Black men showed the highest rates with a significant decrease (APC -1.73%, p < 0.000001). Among women, White women had the highest rates and the second-highest APC of 0.484% (p < 0.000026).

Conclusions: We found significant changes in the epidemiology of sinonasal cancers over the past 20 years, with fewer cancers originating in the maxillary sinus. Interestingly, the overall incidence of sinonasal malignancy has significantly decreased in men while the rates have increased in women. The evolving landscape underscores the need for ongoing surveillance and targeted interventions in at-risk populations.